Evaluación de la función sexual de mujeres en edad reproductiva: Centro de Salud Familiar Rahue Alto, Osorno / Evaluation of the sexual function of women in reproductive age: Health Family Center Rahue Alto, Osorno

La sexualidad se reconoce como una fuerza integradora de la identidad, que contribuye a fortalecer y/o producir vínculos integrales, que cuando está libre de conflictos y angustias promueve el desarrollo personal y social. En Chile, se ha reportado disfunciones sexuales femeninas en alrededor del 50 por ciento de las mujeres de edad media. Lo anterior, motivó la necesidad de estudiar la función sexual en mujeres en edad reproductiva en mujeres usuarias del Consultorio Rahue Alto de la comuna de Osorno. Un estudio de carácter exploratorio transversal descriptivo a 105 mujeres con consentimiento informado. Se aplicó el cuestionario Función Sexual Femenina (FSM), que valora las dimensiones deseo, excitación, lubricación, orgasmo, ansiedad anticipatoria y problemas con la penetración vaginal durante el último mes. El 47,2 por ciento de 89 mujeres, que respondieron todas las preguntas, reconocen una función sexual normal. El 52,8 por ciento presenta disfunción sexual determinada fundamentalmente por inhibición del deseo sexual (42,8 por ciento). Los resultados sobre aspectos relacionales de la actividad sexual mostraron que 50 por ciento de las mujeres no toma la iniciativa y 29,2 por ciento nunca o rara vez comunicó a su pareja lo que le gusta o desagrada en sus encuentros sexuales. El análisis de correspondencia múltiple con las variables sociodemográficas y la función sexual muestra como se presentan sus comportamientos característicos. Se insinúa una tipología atendiendo al estado civil y edad con respecto a la función sexual. Para mejorar la función sexual es fundamental la educación sexual y el empoderamiento de género para comprender las diferencias del comportamiento sexual.

Queso cottage elaborado con cultivo láctico Redi-Set y DVS, usando crema láctea homogeneizada y sin homogeneizar / Cottage cheese manufactured with Redi-Set and DVS, using homogenized and non-homogenized dairy cream

Se comparó Cottage, queso fresco (4g de materia grasa/100g de queso), elaborado con cultivos Redi-Set (semidirecto) y DVS (directo), con agregado de crema homogeneizada y sin homogeneizar, para verificar la factibilidad de su producción. Los tratamientos fueron: Cottage con cultivo Redi Set con crema homogeneizada (CH) y sin homogeneizar (CSH); Cottage con cultivo DVS con CH y CSH. En el proceso se encontró que el uso de Redi-Set y DVS producen distintos perfiles de acidificación hasta el segundo calentamiento, luego los pH se asemejan con diferencias de sólo 0,02 unidades en la cuajada final, aunque el DVS tomó cerca de 50 por ciento más de tiempo en alcanzar el pH final. Los contenidos de humedad (79.00-79.95g/100g), calcio (94.9-97mg/100g), materia grasa (4.13-4.37g/100g) y pH (4.71-4.73), así como los atributos sensoriales no presentaron diferencias significativas entre los cuatro tratamientos, tampoco hubo diferencias en el rendimiento práctico del Cottage natural y crema, cuyos promedios fueron de 16,62 (+/-1,14) y 19,47 (+/-1,37) kg/100 kg de leche, respectivamente.

Cottage cream, fresh cheese (4g fat matter/100g cheese) made with Redi-Set and DVS culture plus homogenized and non homogenised cream was compared to check the feasibility of its production. The treatments were: Cottage cheese made using Redi-Set culture plus homogenized cream (CH) and without homogenizing (CSH); Cottage cheese elaborated with DVS and with CH and CSH. The process showed that when using Redi-Set and DVS different acidification profiles are produced up to the second heating. Later pHs became similar with only 0.02 units difference in drained curds, despite the fact that DVS took longer (50 percent more time) to reach the final pH. The sensory attributes, contents of moisture (79.00 - 79.95g/100g), calcium (94.9 - 97mg/100g), fat (4.13 - 4.37g/100g) and pH (4.71 - 4.73), did not show significant differences neither in the four studied treatments nor in the practical yield of natural cottage and cream, whose averages were 16,62 (+/-1,14) and 19,47(+/-1,37) kg/100 kg of milk, respectively. In conclusion it is feasible to produce a typical cottage cheese using any of the 4 protocols reported in this study.

Impacto de la violencia doméstica en la salud infantil / The impact of domestic violence on children's health

Background: There is close association between maltreatment during pregnancy and child abuse after birth. Aim: To compare anthropometric growth and use of health services of children whose mothers suffered maltreatment with children coming from families without domestic violence. Subjects and methods: A longitudinal study of two cohorts. An index groups formed by 76 children whose mothers experienced maltreatment and control group of 46 children coming from families without domestic violence. Data was obtained from patient files in private health centers. Results: Respiratory diseases were the most prevalent cause of consultation and hospital admission. Children in the index group had a 2.8 times higher risk of bronchopneumonia in the post natal period and a poor attendance to health care controls. In four children, cerebral contusion was registered as the cause of hospital admission. Conclusions: Domestic violence is associated with a higher risk of respiratory diseases and hospital admissions in children. New strategies are necessary to detecte and prevent child abuse and neglect (Rev Méd Chile 2003; 131: 1454-62).

Impacto de la violencia doméstica sobre la salud reproductiva y neonatal / Impact of domestic violence on reproductive and neonatal health

Background: Domestic violence can have an important influence on mother and child health. Aim: To assess the consequences of remote and actual, emotional or physical, domestic violence on the reproductive and newborn health in pregnant women. Material and methods: A longitudinal epidemiological observation from an Urban Primary Health Care Center from Valdivia, Chile, in 1998. Two cohorts were studied: Pregnant women that experienced domestic violence (index group) and pregnant women not exposed to domestic violence (control group). Women were followed during pregnancy and at labor. The newborn was also assessed. Results: The index group had a higher relative risk (RR) for impending abortion (RR 1.44, 95 per cent confidence interval (CI): 1.07-1.93), hypertensive syndrome of pregnancy (RR 1.5, 95 per cent CI: 1.18-1.96), intrahepatic cholestasis (RR 1.5, 95 per cent CI: 1.1-1.94). Women that experienced violence during pregnancy had a higher risk of urinary tract infection (RR 2.88, 95 per cent CI: 1.28-6.43), intrauterine growth retardation (RR 3.7, 95 per cent CI: 1.77-7.93) and intrahepatic cholestasis. Newborns from the index group had lower weight, size and gestational age. Conclusions: Domestic violence is associated with hypertension during pregnancy and intrauterine growth retardation. The incorporation of bio-psychological evaluation and monitoring systems could attenuate the consequences of domestic violence